IMPACT OF NATURAL DISASTER ON ECOLOGICAL BALANCE

IMPACT OF NATURAL DISASTER ON ECOLOGICAL BALANCE 

Ecology is a part of science in which we learn about ecosystem. Ecological balance has been defined by many scientific dictionaries as “A stable balance in the numbers of each species in a ecosystem.” The balance may be disturbed due to the introduction of new species, sudden death of the some species, natural disaster or man made cause.

                         Natural disaster is a sudden natural accident that cause a huge damage of  life and makes a huge loss on ecosystem. Natural disasters are large scale geological or meteorological events. The types of disasters includes :

                         

                    •  Cyclone or Severe Storms

                    •  Wildfires 

                    •  Earthquakes 

                    •  Tsunami

                    •  Drought 

                    •  Flood

                    •  Volcanic Eruption 

 Every types of the natural disasters make a huge impact on ecological balance. The impacts of natural disaster on ecological balance describe below- 

 

                 Cyclone or severe Storm ( Tornadoes) is a severe wind flow. It comes from the high air pressure area towards the low are pressure area. This kind of Storms form at the ocean. Cyclones affect the environment by many kinds. It destroys buildings and trees. It kills animals and destroys farms. Thus it damages the food chain of ecosystem also makes a food shortage. It also makes water contamination, which poses a serious problem, as plant, animal and humans. A severe Cyclone can destroy a full forest, where most of all trees are more than 40 Years old. If they destroy, it must effect on oxygen level. It also can make wildfires that also harm for ecosystem. In this year on 20 May a severe Cyclone named Amphan, hits the coastal areas of West Bengal and Odisha that mostly destroyed the total ecosystem of sunder ban. 

                 

                  Wildfire is one of the most horrible disasters, occurs the green-dense place; it means the wild range, forest etc. It may spread with a speed about 20 km per hour. The perfect condition of Wildfires include Drought, heat and frequent thunderstorms. The animals, birds or insects burn, the total vegetation destroys. The whole ecosystem destroys in same days or weeks and damage the ecological balance. On 12 Oct 2019, Amazon rainforest ( The lung of world ) was damaged by a Wildfire. Many rare species of animal and plant  are killed by this incident and imbalances the local ecosystem. In this year on 27 May, India’s one of the most important forest ( Uttarakhand forest) burned. Uttarakhand forest is famous for the collection of rare medicinal herbs.

                     The Wildfires also makes some positive impact on ecosystem. Destroying diseased tree and related vegetation, creating a condition for new seeding to germinate. And helps to make a new healthy vegetation and a healthy ecosystem. Apart from that the incident increases the nutrition level of soil.  

                         Earthquake is the most destructive natural disaster. It is formed due to the collision between two places or recede from each other. Some energy comes out in wave from the center of earth and makes the quake. Other side it can form due to Volcanic eruption. After the earthquake, the effected area totally collapses. A huge number of people, animal die. Trees uproot. Earthquake can destruct total ecosystem of effected area. At mountain area, earthquake can form landslide. It destroys the local ecosystem. When the earthquake forms under the  ocean, it makes Tsunami that destroys the ocean and coastal ecosystems. Thus earthquake damages the ecological balance. On 26 Jan 2001, a severe earthquake occurred at the Bhuj in Gujrat. It just stayed for 22 seconds. But it destroys the total geology as well as ecological balance of the Bhuj area. 

                 Tsunami represents an extremely high water wave that comes from out from the sea towards the coastal land. The gigantic waves are  traveled towards the land 800 KM per hour. Reaching to the land, Tsunami make a cataclysmic damage the, mangroves, wetlands and makes a destroys coastal ecosystems. It also damages the coral reefs. The devastation of coral reef leads fish population and other species to a great elimination who depends on them as a food source. Another side the soil that was exposed to salt sedimentation, becomes infertile, resulting in the loss of biodiversity as well as imbalanced ecosystem. In the year 2006, the huge Tsunami occurred at The Indian Ocean that damages the coastal area’s ecological balance of India, Malaysia, Srilanka etc. countries.

                 Another side, Tsunami makes some positive impact. It provides habitats to living things and disperses seeds, plants and some animal to new location.

                 Flood is a very common disaster for the people who lives river side areas. It is formed by the heavy rainfall. When the river barrages break down for the water pressure, it forms. Though the people got a early information about the disaster, but it is impossible to save their wealth. A huge number of trees breaks, animal dies, a huge quantity of crops goes underwater. It makes a shortage of food. At the coastal area, a huge quantity of salty ocean water enters into farm ground and spoils the drinking water source. It also spreads viruses through water, that makes pandemic like cholera. Thus it destroys the local ecological balance.

                 Another side flood makes some positive impact on ecosystem. It recharges the underground water level, spreads the organic matter that helps to grow a healthy ecosystem. It also provides a healthy ecosystem at the wetlands.

                Drought is another dangerous natural disasters. It occurs for the lack of moisture, mainly for the lack of raining. The area becomes warmer. . It is very hard to mantic about Drought. The underground water level decreases. The land ruptures. So most of the trees dies. The crop dries up and soils. Animals, insects die for lack of water. Some  eco-friendly bacteria also dies due to high temperature which damage the ecological balance. Drought helps to create Wildfires, an another destructive disaster. Apart from that local species extinction occurs for the drought, that damages the ecosystem. It also affects on water cycle which is the most important thing of ecosystem. But it is disrupted due the drought.

                Volcanic eruption is the oldest natural disaster on this planet and it is too much destructive. When  magma comes from the center of the earth and comes out to the earth crust that is called lava. It is the main reason of the destruction. It burns total effected area. So the living things also burn. The local ecosystem devastates. Some species extinct due to it. The quantity of CO2 increases. Apart from this the ask which comes from the volcano, makes the air pollution. Many toxic gases like Sulphur di oxide releases from the volcanoes. Many pyroclastic materials release due to Volcanic eruption that harmful for ecosystem. So many diseases like Asthma, Asphyxia forms. The quantity of insects decreases. Thus Volcanic eruption damages the ecological balance. 

                 We generally know that disaster makes a huge negative impact on ecosystem. It destroys the ecological balance. It uproots many trees, deprives the lives. It surely imbalanced the ecosystem but it is also true that sometime natural disaster balances the nature and ecosystem. Cyclone comes to reduce the temperature and spreads the seeds. Wildfires can destroys a peaky ecosystem and make the condition to start a new healthy ecosystem etc. Whereas nature makes the disaster and imbalanced the ecosystem, So nature will balance the ecosystem again. There is nothing imbalanced in the nature. This is a natural fact. So we should just respect our mother nature.